Manual/PartI/Installing the Binaries

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User Manual: Contents | Guidelines | Blender Version 2.32

Contents

Installing the Binaries

安装二进制文件

Blender is available both as a binary executable and as source code on the Foundation site (http://www.blender.org/). At the main page click on the 'Downloads' section.

Blender有两种形式:安装文件和源代码。你可以从Foundation网站下载(http://www.blender.org/)。进入主页,点击“Downloads”。

However, to use this book effectively, it is recommended that you use the included 2.3 Guide CD-ROM. However, for correct usage of this book, using the version as provided on the included 2.3 Guide CD-ROM is highly recommended. In the following text, whenever "download" is mentioned, it refers to retrieval from the CD-ROM.

为了更好得使用本书,我们强烈推荐你使用附带的“2.3Guide”CD。为了正确地使用本书,我们同时推荐使用和这张CD里相同版本的软件。在接下去的文字中,凡是提到“下载”的,都指从这张CD里进行的修正。

Downloading and installing the binary distribution

下载和安装二进制文件

The Binary distributions comes in 6 basic flavors:

  • Windows
  • Linux
  • MacOSX
  • FreeBSD
  • Irix
  • Solaris

Blender的二进制安装文件共有如下六个版本:

  • Windows
  • Linux
  • MacOSX
  • FreeBSD
  • Irix
  • Solaris

The Linux flavor comes in 4 different sub-flavors: for Intel and PowerPC architectures, and with statically linked or dynamically loaded libraries.

Linux版又分为四个不同版本:Intel架构版、PowerPC架构版、静态链接库版和动态链接库版。

The difference between the dynamic and the static flavor is important. The static build has the OpenGL libraries compiled in. This makes Blender run on your system without using hardware accelerated graphics. Use the static version if the dynamic version fails! OpenGL is used in Blender for all drawing, including menus and buttons. For this, you will need OpenGL installed on your system. This dependency makes a proper and compliant OpenGL installation at your system a requirement. Not all 3D card manufacturers provide such compliancy, especially cheaper cards aimed at the gaming market.

区别动态链接库版和静态链接库版很重要。静态版在编译时已经包含了OpenGL的库,从而Blender就可以在显卡无硬件加速的系统上运行。如果你的机器上不能使用动态版,那就请使用动态版。在Blender里OpenGL被用在各种图形的绘制,包括菜单和按钮。因此,你的系统需要安装OpenGL。对OpenGL的依赖使得你的安装的OpenGL必须是正确而且是兼容的。要知道不是所有的3D显卡生产商提供这样的兼容性,尤其是旨在游戏市场的廉价显卡生产商们。

Of course since rendering is done by the Blender rendering engine in core memory and by the main CPU of your machine, a graphic card with hardware acceleration makes no difference at rendering time.

当然,由于渲染是在主存和CPU上进行的,故带硬件加速的显卡对于渲染时间的缩短并没有帮助。

Setting up a director y structure

建立文件目录

If you are new to setting up Blender on your PC, you may want to stay organized, as you will quickly accumulate many models, textures, pictures, blend files, zip files, scripts, etc. Mushing them all together in one directory leads to confusion, so it is recommended that you spend a few moments creating a few folders to keep stuff organized. The following is just a recommendation based on a few years' experience. There are also free tools to help you manage larger projects (i.e. CVS) but those are beyond this doc's scope.

如果你的机器刚装上Blender,你会想要组织好诸如模型、材质、图片、blend关联文件、.zip压缩文件、脚本等等东西以便要用它们时能快速得到,而不是把它们乱成一团地放在一个目录里。所以,我们强烈建议你花些时间建立一些文建夹来组织各种文件。以下的只是一些基于几年经验的建议。当然也有一些免费的工具来帮助你管理大些的工程(如CVS),但那些已超出了本文的讨论范围。

The main Folder is /Blender/, which I keep on XP under /Shared Downloads/. Create a subfolder /Blender/bin/ to hold the downloaded binaries or exe install file, as well as any other executable programs associated with Blender, such as Yafray, and some nifty DLL's you will run across for extending Blender functionality. Run the install exe to create (in Windows) the traditional c:\program files\Blender folder.

主文件夹是/Blender/,它用来保存Blender可执行文件。建立一个子文件夹/Blender/bin/来存放像二进制文件或.exe安装文件等与Blender有关的可执行程序。比如Yafray,和另外一些用于扩展Blender功能的DLL文件。运行Blender安装文件就可以建立一个原始文件夹c:\program files\Blender。

Library: I know you want to create the world, but there are already a bunch of models and stuff out there on the www that other creative people have created. To hold this wealth of pre-built knowledge, create a library (/Blender/lib/) to hold this stuff. Subdirectories under that could be /mesh (to hold blend files of meshes), /tex to hold texture images, and /pic to hold pictures, such as reference pictures. My /blender/lib/mesh folder has subfolders /animal, /human, /machine, /planet, and /house, to name a few, holding blend files that contain models of those types of things. The /tex folder has a similar set of folders containing jpg's and even blend files that contain common material settings that are used to color and paint objects. My /tex folder contains /nature, /buildings, /painted, and /metal subdirectories. The /pic folder contains reference pictures of people (Angelie Jolie), faces (my daughter), furniture, my car (a Dodge Viper), and other reference images and concept art that I want to use as reference when modeling.

库: 我知道你想自己创造整个世界,但要知道在互联网上富有创造力的人们创造了成堆的模型和其它东西供你选择。你可以建一个库(/Blender/lib/)来存放这些素材,从而拥有这些前人创造的知识材富。在这个目录下,你可以建立/mesh(来存放网格文件),目录/blender/lib/mesh下还应建子目录如/animal, /human, /machine, /planet, and /house等等来存放不同的Blender的mesh文件。建立/tex文件夹来保存Blender的材质贴图文件。这个文件夹下可建立/nature, /buildings, /painted, and /metalt等子文件夹。目录/pic可包含参考用的人物的图片、面部图片、家具、车辆等等。这样我建模时就可以到这些不同的文件夹下寻找我要参照的图片了。

Manual and User Guides: Create a /Blender/man/ file to hold user manuals and guide files in either html, word (.doc) and/or .pdf formats. There are a few of these floating around. Also, use this folder to save local copies of these wiki pages for off-line refernence.

用户使用手册: 建立/Blender/man/文件来存放html、WORD、pdf等格式的用户手册。身边就有一些这样的文件,当然你也将这个WIKI页面保存了,存放在里面。

Tutorials: There are lots of tutorials around and available for downloading. Create a /Blender/tut/ directory to hold neat tutorials that you find. Some tutorials are hosted by individuals and may disappear, so if you find a tutorial that helps you, download it into this directory.

教程: 你可以找到很多教程,并且下载下来。建立/Blender/tut/文件夹来存放你找到的教程。有些教程是在个人手里,所以你应该将有用的教程保存到这个目录下。

Python scripts: Blender uses a scripting language, Python, to extend its functionality. There are dozens of these scripts that can be loaded by blender. As you find them, save them in a /Blender/script/ directory, as well as any batch files you write for making backups, etc.

Python脚本: Blender用一种叫Python的脚本语言来扩展它的功能。你可以得到很多这样的脚本语言,所以你应该将它们保存到/Blender/script/文件夹下,你也可以通过将你写的批处理文件等备份到这个文件夹内。

Utilities: Blender has evolved to the point where there are complete programs that create wonderous things. Keep your MakeHuman and WorldForge utilities (for example) in /Blender/util/.

应用程序: Blender已经可以和其他程序一起建造奇妙的东西。例如,你可以把MakeHuman和WorldForge放到 Blender/util/目录下面。

Just Do It!: So now YOU need some of your own space, my young padawan. Create /Blender/play/ and /Blender/work/ directories to hold play files, and, for when you actually have a meaningful project to work on, a work file. I have used blender to create a commercial, a documentary on Niger, and a patent (#6,796,205), so I have a subdir under /Blender/work for each of those projects. The /Blender/work/ folder has a folder for each project, and, below that, a set of /tex, /pic, /render, and /wav folders to hold textures, pictures, render output, and sound files, respectively. The actual blend files are kept in the /work/xxx/ folder, where xxx is the short name of the project. The /Blender/play/ folder is loosely organized into Yafray, anim (animation), Light, and other folders; basically a trash heap that I rummage around in when I remember that I did something like this but can't remember how to do it again.

这就动手!: 当然我们的新手同志也应该有自己的空间。创建/Blender/play/和/Blender/work/目录分别来存放游戏文件和有意义的工程文件。我曾用Blender做过一部广告片、一部关于尼日尔的纪录片,还有一个专利(#6,796,205),所以我在/Blender/work下还为每个工程建立了子目录。在每个这样的子目录下还有/tex, /pic, /render, and /wav等下一级目录来存放相关的不同类型的文件。而真正的Blender文件则放在/work/xxx/文件夹里,其中xxx是工程名字的缩写。/Blender/play/文件夹里则不是那么严格分类了。里面分了Yafray、anim(animation)、Light和其它文件夹。这里差不多是一个回收站,可以在我不知道怎么做而又记起以前做过类似的工作时四处翻翻。

Windows

Windows

Quick Install

快速安装

Download the file blender-2.3#-windows.exe, (2.3# being the version number) from the downloads section of the Blender Website. Start the installation by double-clicking the file. This presents you with some questions, for which the defaults should be OK. After setup is complete, you can start Blender right away, or use the entry in the Start menu.

从Blender网站的下载专区下载文件blender-2.3#-windows.exe,(2.3# 是版本号),双击文件开始安装。在安装过程中有一些选项,默认即可。安装完毕,即可启动Blender,你也可以从开始菜单启动。

In-depth Instructions

详细说明

Download the file blender-2.3#-windows.exe from the 'Downloads' section of the Blender Website. Choose to download it (if prompted), select a location and click "Save". Then navigate to the location you saved the file in and double-click it to start the installation.

从Blender网站的下载专区下载文件blender-2.3#-windows.exe,选择下载(如果有提示),选择一个位置,单击“保存”。下载完成后,找到保存的路径,双击安装文件开始安装。

The first dialog presents you with the license. You are expected to accept it if you want the installation to go any further. After accepting the license, select the components you wish to install (there is just one, Blender) and the additional actions you want to take. There are three: Add a shortcut to the Start menu, Add Blender's icon to desktop, associate .blend files with Blender. By default they are all checked. If you don't want some action to be taken, simply uncheck it. When done, click on Next.

你首先看到的是证书,你只有接受证书条款才能继续安装。接受条款后,选择要安装的组件(事实上只有一个,那就是Blender),然后选择附加选项。有三个选项:在添加开始菜单快捷方式,添加桌面快捷方式,关联.blend文件到Blender。默认情况下,它们都是被选中的。如果不想附加某个选项,只要把勾去掉即可。单击Next

Select a place to install the files to (the default should be OK), and click Next to install Blender. Press Close when installation is over.

选择一个要安装的位置(默认即可),单击Next ,安装Blender。安装完毕,单击Close退出。

Afterwards you will be asked whether you want to start Blender immediately. Blender is now installed and can be started by means of the Start menu (an entry named "Blender Foundation" will have been created by the setup routine) or by double-clicking a Blender file (*.blend).

最后你会被询问是否立即启动Blender。至此,Blender已被安装,你可以通过开始菜单(名为“Blender Foundation”)或单击Blender关联文件(*.blend))启动Blender。

OSX

OSX

Install

安装

Download the file blender-2.3#-darwin-6.6-powerpc.dmg from the downloads section of the Blender Website. Extract it by double-clicking the file. This will open a directory with several files.

从Blender主页的下载专区下载文件blender-2.3#-darwin-6.6-powerpc.dmg,双击安装文件解压,你会看到目录下有一些文件。

Since Blender uses OpenGL to render the user interface and Mac OSX draws the entire Desktop with OpenGL as well, you will need to verify that you have sufficient VRAM in your system. Blender will not run with less than 8MB of VRAM. With up to 16 MB VRAM, you will need to set your display to "1000s of colors" (System Preferences -> Displays).

因为Blender使用OpenGL来渲染用户界面,而Mac OSX也使用它来绘制整个桌面,所以你应该保证系统有足够的显存。Blender在显存小于8M时不运行。为了达到16M显存,你可以将显示设置成“1000s of colors”(System Preferences -> Displays)。

You now can use Blender by double clicking the Blender icon. Or drag the Blender icon to the Dock to make an alias there. Blender starts by default in a small window. Hints and tips about the OSX version can be found in the file OSX tips.rtf in the installation directory.

双击Blender图标就可以启动Blender,你也可以拖拽Blender图标到Dock,来建立一个alias。Blender默认以小窗口启动。关于OSX版的使用帮助可在安装目录下的OSX tips.rtf文件里找到。

Linux

Linux

Quick Install

快速安装

Download the file blender-2.3#-linux-glibc#.#.#-ARCH.tar.gz from the 'Downloads' section of the Blender Website. Here 2.3# is the Blender version, #.#.# is the glibc version and ARCH is the machine architecture--either i386 or powerpc. Pick the one matching your system, keeping in mind the difference between static and dynamic builds.

从Blender主页的下载专区下载文件blender-2.3#-linux-glibc#.#.#-ARCH.tar.gz。这里的2.3# 是版本号,#.#.# 是表示glibc版,而ARCH表示机器构架,类似的还有i386powerpc。选择一个适合你机器的,注意区别动态版和静态版。

Unpack the archive to a location of your choice. This will create a directory named blender-2.3#-linux-glibc#.#.#-ARCH, in which you will find the blender binary.

选择一个目录解压文件。这样一个名为blender-2.3#-linux-glibc#.#.#-ARCH的目录就被创建了。你可以在这个目录里找到blender 文件。

To start Blender, open a shell and execute ./blender, of course while running X. 打开一个shell然后执行./blender,当然你首先要运行X图形窗口系统。

In-depth Instructions

详细说明

Download the file blender-2.3#-linux-glibc#.#.#-ARCH.tar.gz from the 'Downloads' section of the Blender Website. Choose to download it (if prompted), select a location, and click "Save". Then navigate to the location you wish Blender to install to (e.g. /usr/local/) and unpack the archive (with tar xzf /path/to/blender-2.3#-linux-glibc#.#.#-ARCH.tar.gz). If you like, you can rename the resulting directory from blender-2.3#-linux-glibc#.#.#-ARCH to something shorter, e.g. just blender.

从Blender主页的下载专区下载文件blender-2.3#-linux-glibc#.#.#-ARCH.tar.gz,选择下载(如果有提示),选择一个位置,单击“保存”。然后将下载完的文件定位到你想要安装的目录(如/usr/local/)。用tar xzf /path/to/blender-2.3#-linux-glibc#.#.#-ARCH.tar.gz)命令来解压文件。当然你也可以重命名解压路径名称,用短的名字比如blender来代替blender-2.3#-linux-glibc#.#.#-ARCH

Blender is now installed and can be started on the command line by entering /path/to/blender followed by pressing the enter key in a shell. If you are using KDE or Gnome you can start Blender using your file manager of choice by navigating to the Blender executable and (double-) clicking on it.

现在Blender已经安装在你的机器上了,你可以用命令行来启动它。键入/path/to/blender,按回车就行。如果你使用的是KDE或Gnome你可以用file manager来找到Blender执行文件,然后单/双击运行

If you are using the Sawfish window manager, you might want to add a line like ("Blender" (system "blender &")) to your .sawfish/rc file.

如果你使用Sawfish window manager,你可以在.sawfish/rc文件里加上一行如("Blender" (system "blender &"))

To add program icons for Blender in KDE

在KDE里增加程序图标

  1. Select the "Menu Editor" from the System submenu of the K menu.
  1. 从K 菜单的System菜单下选择“Menu Editor”
  1. Select the submenu labeled "Graphics" in the menu list.
  1. 从菜单里选择子菜单“Graphics”
  1. Click the "New Item" button. A dialog box will appear that prompts you to create a name. Create and type in a suitable name and click "OK".
  1. 单击“New Item”,会出现一个对话框提示你创建一个名称。键入名称,单击“OK”。
  1. You will be returned to the menu list, and the Graphics submenu will expand, with your new entry highlighted. In the right section, make sure the following fields are filled in: "Name", "Comment", "Command", "Type" and "Work Path".
  1. 你会回到菜单,此时Graphics菜单已打开,新建的部分也在里面,并且是高亮显示。保证右侧的地方不是空的:“Name”“Comment”“Command”“Type”“Work Path”。
    • The "Name" field should already be filled in, but you can change it here at any time.
    • 在“Name”已经填好,当然你可以在任何时候修改它。
    • Fill the "Comment" field. This is where you define the tag that appears when you roll over the icon.
    • 填写“Comment”,这里定义了你翻转图标时出现的标签。
    • Click the folder icon at the end of the "Command" field to browse to the blenderpublisher program icon. Select the program icon and click "OK" to return to the Menu Editor.
    • 单击“Comment”后面的文件夹图标,浏览Blender图标。选择图标,单击“OK”返回Menu Editor。
    • The type should be "Application".
    • “Type”应该是“Application”。
    • The work path should be the same as the "Command", with the program name left off. For example, if the command field reads /home/user/blender-publisher-#.##-linux-glibc#.#.#-ARCH/blender, the work path would be /home/user/blender-publisher-#.##-linux-glibc#.#.#-ARCH/.
    • work path应该和“Command”一样,去掉程序名称。比如,若Command为/home/user/blender-publisher-#.##-linux-glibc#.#.#-ARCH/blender,work path应该是/home/user/blender-publisher-#.##-linux-glibc#.#.#-ARCH/
  1. Click "Apply" and close the Menu Editor.
    • 单击“Apply”,然后关闭Menu Editor。

To add a link to Blender on the KPanel, right-click on a blank spot on the KPanel, then hover over "Add". CLick "Button", then "Graphics", and select "Blender" (or whatever you named the menu item in step 3). Alternately, click on the "Configure Panel" submenu in the K menu, click "Add", "Button", "Graphics", and then "Blender".

添加Blender链接到KPanel,在KPanel空白处单击右键,鼠标移到“Add”,单击“Button”,然后“Graphics”,选择“Blender”(或是你在第三步里的命名)。依次点击K menu下的“Configure Panel”子菜单,单击“Add”,“Button”,“Graphics”,然后是“Blender”。

To add a Desktop icon for Blender, open Konquerer (found on the Panel by default, or in the "System" submenu of the K menu) and navigate to the blenderpublisher program icon where you first unzipped it. Click and hold the program icon, and drag it from Konquerer to a blank spot on your Desktop. You will be prompted to Copy Here, Move Here or Link Here; choose Link Here.

添加Blender桌面图标。打开Konquerer(默认情况下在Panel里,或在K 菜单的“System”子菜单里),然后在你解压缩的目录下找到Blender程序图标,单击后拖拽至桌面.你会被提示是复制到这里,移动到这里或链接到这里,选择链接到这里。

To add program icons for Blender in GNOME

在GNOME里增加Blender程序图标

  1. Select "Edit menus" from the Panel submenu of the GNOME menu.
  1. 在GNOME菜单的Panel子菜单下选择“Edit menus”。
  1. Select the "Graphics" submenu, and click the "New Item" button.
  1. 选择“Graphics”子菜单,然后单击“New Item”按钮。
  1. In the right pane, fill in the "Name:", "Comment:" and "Command:" fields. Fill the "Name:" field with the program name, for example "Blender". You can name this whatever you'd like, this is what appears in the menu, but does not affect the functionality of the program. Fill the "Comment:" field with a descriptive comment. This is what is shown on the tooltips popups.

Fill the "Command:" field with the full path of the Blender program item, for example, /home/user/blender-publisher-#.##-linux-glibc#.#.#-ARCH/blender

  1. 在右边的方框里,填写“Name:”,“Comment:”“Command:”。“Name:”里填写程序名称,如“Blender”,当然你可以用你喜欢的名字。这会在菜单里显示,但不会影响程序的功能。用描述性的文字填写“Comment:”,这些文字会作为工作提示出现。用完整的Blender路径填写“Command:”,如/home/user/blender-publisher-#.##-linux-glibc#.#.#-ARCH/blender
  1. Click the "No Icon" button to choose an icon. There may or may not be an icon for Blender in your default location. You can make one, or look for the icon that goes with KDE. This should be /opt/kde/share/icons/hicolor/48x48/apps/blender.png . If your installation directory is different, you can search for it using this command in a Terminal or Console: find / -name "blender.png" -print
  1. 单击“No Icon”钮铵来选择一个图标。在默认的路径下也许会没有Blender图标,你可以制作一个,或找KDE里面的图标。这个图标位于/opt/kde/share/icons/hicolor/48x48/apps/blender.png。如果你的安装路径与此不同,你可以在终端或控制台里输入find / -name "blender.png" -print来搜索。
  1. Click the "Save" button and close the Menu Editor.
  1. 点击"save"按钮,保存并闭菜单编辑器.

To add a Panel icon, right-click on a blank area of the Panel, then select "Programs", "Graphics", and then "Blender". Alternatively, you could click the GNOME menu, select "Panel", "Add to panel", "Launcher from menu", then "Graphics" and "Blender".

增加Panel图标,在Panel的空白处单击右键,然后依次选择“Programs”,“Graphics”,然后“Blender”。单击GNOME菜单,选择“Panel”,“Add to panel”,“Launcher from menu”,然后是“Graphics”,“Blender”。

To add a Desktop icon for Blender, open Nautilus (double-click the Home icon in the upper-left corner of your Desktop, or click the GNOME menu, then "Programs", "Applications", and "Nautilus"). Navigate to the folder which contains the blenderpublisher program icon. Right-click the icon, and drag it to the Desktop. A menu will appear asking to Copy Here, Move Here, Link Here or Cancel; select Link Here.

为Blender添加桌面图标。打开Nautilus(双击桌面左上角的Home图标,或单击GNOME菜单,然后“Programs”,“Applications”,“Nautilus”)。找到Blender程序图标所以文件夹,右键单击此图标,然后将其拖拽到桌面。此时会出现一个菜单询问是复制到这里,移动到这里,链接到这里。选择链接到这里。

FreeBSD

FreeBSD

Install

安装

Download the file blender-2.3#-freebsd-#.#-i386.tar.gz from the downloads section of the Blender Website. Here 2.3# is the Blender version, #.# is FreeBSD version and i386 is the machine architecture.

从Blender主页的下载专区下载文件blender-2.3#-freebsd-#.#-i386.tar.gz。这里2.3#是版本号,#.# 是表示FreeBSD版本,i386 是机器构架类型。

To start blender just open a shell and execute ./blender, of course while running X.

打开一个Shell,然后执行文件./blender,当然你首先要运行X图形窗口系统。

Irix

Irix

Install

安装

Download the file blender-2.3#-irix-6.5-mips.tar.gz from the 'Downloads' section of the Blender Website. Here 2.3# is the Blender version, 6.5 is the Irix version and mips is the machine architecture.

从Blender主页的下载专区下载文件blender-2.3#-irix-6.5-mips.tar.gz。这里2.3#是Blender的版本号,6.5是表示Irix版,而mips则是机器架构。

To start Blender just open a shell and execute ./blender, of course while running X. Blender was originally developed for the IRIX platform, but is currently not actively being maintained for all IRIX workstation versions. For some workstations performance troubles have been reported.

打开一个shell然后执行./blender以启动Blender,当然首先你要运行X图形窗口系统。Blender最早是在Irix平台上开发的,但近来对这个平台的各种工作站并不是都支持得很好。有过在某些工作站上平台发生错误的报道。

Solaris

Solaris

Install

安装

Download the file blender-2.3#-solaris-2.8-sparc.tar.gz from the 'Downloads' section of the Blender Website. Here 2.3# is the Blender version, 2.8 is the Solaris version and sparc is the machine architecture.

从Blender主页的下载专区下载文件blender-2.3#-solaris-2.8-sparc.tar.gz。这里2.3#是版本号,2.8是表示Solaris版,而sparc则是机器架构类型。

Currently no further instructions for Sun Solaris are available. Please use the Blender Website forums for support.

近来没有更多Sun公司Solaris的关于说明。请在Blender主页论坛寻找帮助。

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